LTE 4G

LTE is a standard for wireless data communication technology and the development of standards GSM / UMTS. The aim of LTE is to increase the capacity and speed of wireless data networks using the new DSP (digital signal processing) modulation technique and developed around the turn of the millennium. The next goal is to redesign and simplification of the network architecture for IP-based system significantly reduces transfer latency compared with 3G architecture. LTE wireless interface is not compatible with 2G and 3G networks, so it should be operated on a separate wireless spectrum. LTE was first proposed by NTT DoCoMo of Japan in 2004, and the study of the new standard was officially started in 2005. [7] In May 2007, the Initiative (LSTI) alliance LTE / SAE Court was established as a global collaboration between vendors and operators with the aim of verifying and promoting new standards to ensure global recognition technology as quickly as possible. [8] [9] LTE standard was completed in December 2008, and LTE services are available to the public the first launched by TeliaSonera in Oslo and Stockholm on December 14, 2009 as a data connection to the USB modem. LTE services launched by a major North American operators as well, with the Samsung SCH-R900 the world's first LTE mobile phones began September 21, 2010 [10] [11] and the Samsung Galaxy Indulge be the first LTE smartphone in the world began February 10, 2011 [12] [13] whether offered by MetroPCS and HTC Thunderbolt at Verizon that began on March 17 became the second LTE smartphone to be sold commercially. [14] [15] in Canada, Rogers Wireless is the first to launch LTE network on July 7, 2011 offers the Sierra Wireless 313U USB modem AirCard® mobile broadband, which is known as "LTE Rocket ™ stick" followed by a second mobile device from HTC and Samsung. [16] Initially, CDMA operators planned to upgrade the rival standard called UMB and WiMAX, but all the major CDMA operators (such as Verizon, Sprint and MetroPCS in the United States, Bell and Telus in Canada, au by KDDI in Japan, SK Telecom in South Korea and China Telecom / China Unicom in China) have announced that they intend to migrate to LTE after all. Evolution LTE is LTE Advanced, which is standard in March 2011. [17] Services are expected to begin in 2013. LTE specification provides downlink peak rates of 300 Mbit / s, uplink peak rates of 75 Mbit / s and QoS provision allowing the transfer latency of less than 5 ms in the radio access network. LTE has the ability to manage the fast-moving mobile phone and supports multi-cast and broadcast streams. LTE supports scalable carrier bandwidth from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz and supports frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing- (TDD). IP-based network architecture, called the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and is designed to replace the GPRS Core Network, supports seamless handover of voice and data into a cell tower with older network technologies such as GSM, UMTS and CDMA2000. [19] a simple architecture results in lower operating costs (for example, every cell E-UTRA will support up to four times the data and voice capacity supported by HSPA [20]). Below is a list of countries with 4G LTE penetration as measured by Juniper Networks in 2013 and published by Bloomberg.